Official Winter Break Essay

However, even though Columbus did not discover the Americas first, European Exploration still had a ore immense impact within their world and our modern world today. One of the major reasons the European Exploration turned out to have a much bigger impact in history' than any other exploration is due to the formation Of the European Exchange. Thanks to the exchange many goods had been traded and thus the creation of many foodstuff as well as other materials such as tobacco and crops. The European Exchange is one of the major reasons that the European Exploration is recognized above all other explorations.The trade between these countries lead to many others to come o Europe for valuable resources and Europe began to expand and grow, not only due to the newly conquered land, but to the new people that were coming for the resources. I believe that this is because of how large this was on the scale and the explorers prior to the Europeans never made a big deal rather they just kept movi ng on and missed an opportune chance. European Exploration also overshadows the other explorations as the fact that they were more ruthless and willing to do anything in their power to expand their religion, obtain more gold, and be glorified for their actions.Their actions lead to them to enslave and slay the natives of the New World whether by accident (disease). Their sheer numbers had overwhelmed many places that they conquered and changed the society of the people around them. Native Americans turned into Catholics and lived the same way as the Europeans. Other countries, such as China, used Ghent Hajj was took on more of a peaceful approach yet not to an extent. China used the tribute system which enforced their power on the land nearby, whereas Vocal De Gamma, aEuropean explorer, enslaved and killed hundreds to capture ports for Portugal to trade. Their ways were very much similar, however Europeans were more ruthless and quicker and thus their influence was more massive and swifter which is why their influence is still active today. Rupee's strength was not solely the reason why its influence was so solid- some states like.

The fundamentals behind London’s current housing crisis and potential solution?

Introduction The assignment will consider the housing market within London, paying close attention to the housing policy and macro-economic conditions that have led to the current ‘crisis’ within the city’s housing market. It could be argued that a current shortage of housing developments, mainly in the more affordable range, coupled with a surge in international real-estate investment in the city has caused a major shortage, leading ultimately to price increases and so a divergence from housing markets within the North of the UK (Dyson, 2014) [Online]. This assignment will first touch upon the policies that have led to this problem before looking into the recent macro-economic trends which have aggravated the issue, pushing into the spotlight. The UK housing market has for some time been impacted by poor housing policy, with many arguing that levels of new construction have been unable to meet the surge in population growth and so demand for new houses. While this has become a more national problem, the south of England, most notably London has witnessed the greatest affect (Myers, 2012). Property Overview While the population of London has continued its growth given its rise in status as a ‘global business hub’, housing developments have been unable to supply the market with enough new properties, as well as properties which locals deem ‘affordable’. While it can be noted that there are currently some significant developments within London such as the Battersea Power Plant regeneration, many have commented that these ?Million properties are being built with the wealthy oversea investors in mind over local buyers given that the prices asked are far out of reach of many workers (Renshaw, 2013) [Online]. While local councils have attempted to resolve this issue by pushing all developers to include a percentage of ‘affordable’ homes in their plans to win planning permission, many of these new developments are still primarily geared at the high-end of the market; with many developers advertising their properties in international markets (London First, 2014). This, along with major regeneration plans in some area’s which has prioritised commercial/ retail space over residential, has seriously restricted the potential for new housing for the local market and supported the price increases seen over the years. Furthermore, the central boroughs of London are also restricted by the availability of land to develop new homes, with new developments pushing higher for greater floor space. While this has become a popular method in London with new skyscrapers such as The Shard, these developments have usually favoured office and retail space over residential (Ball et al, 2012). What could be considered here is the desire by boroughs within London to re-generate and effectively create local centre’s to compete with the main areas of London. There has been significant discussion over the years regarding the ‘downfall’ of the UK high-streets as out of town competition and online shopping reduces the demand for typica l bricks-and-mortar stores; in London the main issue for some could be the easy accessibility into the city centre and so the main shopping and entertainment districts. With this, local boroughs have prioritised the development on new commercial and office space in a bid to attract the private investment that would be needed to support larger regeneration plans and attract more people into the area, however as mentioned previously given the short supply of available land in some central boroughs this has led to an ‘opportunity cost’ between residential and commercial development. London Crisis The main issue for the market is a simply supply and demand crisis; essentially the market is severely under supplied, with prices been pushed up by the consumers willing to pay a higher price for the property. This has created a situation where the supply of affordable housing is quite inelastic and so any notable increase in demand will only result in the price moving higher. This has also led to another affect whereby prices have also increased strongly in the wider South-East area as commuters seek property in lower price areas with strong transport connections into London. The supply crisis has also been heightened by another issue; namely strong international demand for property in London as an investment opportunity and store of wealth (Tower Hamlet Citizens, 2014). In 2008, the financial crisis hit global economics and stock-markets. With this, investors sought for new ‘safe-havens’ for their wealth as global stock markets remained volatile and the value of other havens such as gold fell. Property or investments in brick-and-mortar have always been popular, especially in economies like the UK where the market has remained buoyant over a number of years (Berry et al, 2011). London especially appealed to investors given its stock of high-value properties, increasing population, global image as a destination for the wealthy, falling corporation tax as well as a weakening currency which made investment into UK property cheaper for international investors. The economics behind this move has largely been driven by the desire to reduce risk bu t maintain returns on investments; given that London house prices were increasing at above 10%p.a (ONS, 2014), investors who had once favoured holding their cash in stock markets and commodities such as gold quickly moved their money into property as a store of wealth. This movement has recently been reversed to some extent as a strengthening ?GBP and improving global outlook have decreased demand for high-end properties in London at a time when a wave of new supply is hitting the market (Titcomb, 2014) [Online]. Potential Solutions Moving forward, a number of factors have been put forward to help deal with the issue, focusing on new regulation and opportunities (London First, 2014). In terms of opportunity, London has been working to improve transport connections with wider area in a bid to open up more areas to potential commuters, essentially increasing the stock of housing that is available to anyone working within London, (Emmett, 2014). This would then lead to an increase in supply, which should help decrease prices. Notable projects include the Crossrail development, an ?18Billion transport project that will decrease commuter times into central London for a number of local boroughs (Crossrail, 2014) [Online]. The proposed HS2-HS3 (high-speed rail) projects could also been seen as a new opportunity; giving more businesses the chance to open offices, facilities in other major UK cities such as Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds etc. while still having access to London. The main benefit on this is that it would m ove some business away from London as so reduce demand for housing from workers. Furthermore this project has also been seen as a way to reduce the heavily debated North/South divide within the UK, which in turn may help better align house prices between the two. In terms of regulation, a number of London boroughs have sought to effectively force developers to include affordable housing within their plans to be granted planning permission (Besley, 2010). Given this, new developments such as the Battersea Power Plant have included some affordable housing within their plans, however as they only account for 15% of total home some have argued the measure doesn’t go far enough to solve the supply issues (Robertson, 2014) [Online]. In economic terms, local boroughs have identified the profitability that developments in London provide; by asking developers to include some affordable housing within their plans they have affected the Net Present Value (hereafter NPV) or potential pay back of the project, however given that projects are still being announced in the city it appears that developments still remain profitable for these companies. It could be argued by some that these new demands from the local authorities could be seen as interference within the free market, effectively using the private sector to provide a good (e.g. new homes) that the public sector has failed to provide. What this essay must also consider is that if that the public sector have done little themselves to attempt to resolve this issue, most probably down to a lack of capital and experience necessary to move forward with these large-scale developments and so requiring the need for the involvement of the private sector. As mentioned beforehand, the private sector will be driven by the eventual profitability or NPV of these projects and so local authorities must ensure that they still allow these profits to be made while also attempting to resolve the housing crisis. According to data f rom the ONS, home prices in London are up 31.6% above their 2008 peak, while those in the North remain under the 2008 level, (ONS, 2014). Closing Remarks To conclude the essay has shown that housing policy in London could have been seen as failing for a number of years as demand from a rising population has outgrown the level of new supply, pushing prices up much higher than the UK average (Savills, 2014). The issue has intensified recently as the global economic crisis increased the desire for international investors to hold their money in property, with London seen as a prime market given the weaker value of the ?GBP could with continuous price rises. While the essay has noted a number of initiatives underway to help increase supply and reduce demand, the potential impacts may be small and seen in a long-term scenario. While there is new infrastructure underway to improve the competitiveness and attractiveness of a wider London and also wider UK area; the Crossrail development will not come online until 2018, while the high-speed rail links are not current expected until after 2020. Furthermore, while local boroughs have attempted t o increase regulation and push more affordable housing into development plans, these are only small percentages, with some people disagreeing on what will be deemed affordable. Moving forward the main issue for London will be developing the land that it currently has spare in the best way possible to accommodate its rising population but also its rising status as a global business hub – in this case, higher residential housing prices may be needed for developers to justify their construction over commercial or office space. References Ball, M, Lizieri, C and MacGregor, B (2012): The Economics of Commercial Property Markets, London, Routledge. Berry, J, Deddis, N and McGreal, W (2011): Urban Regeneration, Property Investment and Development, London, Taylor & Francis. Besley, T and Ghatak, M (2010): Property Rights and Economic Development. In Dani Rodrik and Mark Rosenzweig, Ed: Handbook of development economics, London, Elsevier Publications. Crossrail, (2014) [Online]: A world class railway company, Available at http://www.crossrail.co.uk/benefits/, Accessed 29/10/2014. Dyson, R (2014) [Online]: House prices: gap between London and the rest of the UK is highest in 40 years, Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/houseprices/10738540/House-prices-gap-between-London-and-the-rest-of-the-UK-widest-in-40-years.html, Accessed 29/10/2014. Emmett, S (2014): London Infrastructure: Outlook, London, Savills Research. London First (2014): 12 steps to solving London’s housing crisis, London, London First. Myers, D (2012): Economics and Property, London, Taylor & Francis. ONS (2014): Comparison of regional house price indices before and after the financial crisis, London, ONS Research. Renshaw, R (2013): Selling stampede at Battersea Power Station sets new record, Available at http://old.estateagenttoday.co.uk/news_features/Selling-stampede-at-Battersea-Power-Station-sets-new-records, Accessed 29/10/2014. Robertson, L (2014) [Online]: No affordable housing in Battersea power plant development, Available at http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/no-affordable-housing-in-gehrys-battersea-power-station-buildings/7003154.article, Accessed 29/10/2014. Savills (2014): Infrastructure and development must work together to accommodate London’s growing population, London, Savills Research. Titcomb, J (2014): London House prices tipped to fall, Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/10976395/Warning-London-house-prices-tipped-to-fall.html, Accessed 29/10/2014. Tower Hamlet Citizens (2014): A report on the housing crisis in one of London’s most expensive boroughs, London, Tower Hamlet Citizens.

Feature Article – Disrespect for Authority

Part of our culture there has been many ideas to what the Australian narrative has become. Disrespect for authority is a very prominent idea that is still extremely vibrant in the nation today. This idea is one of many ideas that are helped to define the Australian Narrative. Disrespect for Authority to Australians is renowned to someone who ‘crosses the line’ or ‘bends the rules’ for their benefits. This idea to Australians is so deeply embedded in our culture and heritage that we don’t even realise its happening.This obliviousness to, and blind acceptance of, the existence of anti-authoritarianism is by far the most dominant perception of the matter within our society. A distinguishing feature of an Aussie, who disrespected authority, can be taken back to one of our nation’s true old time legends. We all know the tales of Ned Kelly, one of our heroes from the late 1800s. This ‘legend’ was known for his courage, boldness, and bad boy behavior. Ned murdered and stole, but we still over look those negative results of his behavior, and celebrate his willingness to stand up for him self.Ned was forced into taking such actions because of the unfair treatment both him and his family had received from those in authority. It is only definite that Ned Kelly was a man who ‘bends the rules’ for his benefits, and he became famous for it. This then raises the question, is it right for Australia as a nation to celebrate such awful actions. Those ethics, such as standing up for self rights and boldness from Ned Kelly have echoed through time, leaking into our culture through numerous texts.They have also found their way into our more contemporary culture, where they have flourished through the minds of many Australians. Take the film Chopper for example; no doubt this film is a prime illustration of an Australian character that disrespects authority. Eric Banner plays the character of Chopper Reid in the film; his life story is replicated perfectly that consists of continuous lack of respect and courtesy towards authority. On numerous occasions Chopper committed to what we see as some of the worst crimes.He harmed those to what he saw as reckless criminals or other terms someone who killed for no reason. However, because of the fact that he was doing it for so called ‘good reasons’ we Australians over look that and celebrate Chopper as an Aussie icon. A prominent motive of the Australian way is having the ‘whatever’ attitude towards authority and people who are working for authority. Many Australians encourage the idea of disrespect for authority. This idea in the Australian narrative has become a continuous pattern in many Australians live.Now we have all heard of the party boy Corey Worthington, well believe it or not this young man is another classic example of a more contemporary person who has shown disrespect to authority. Corey Worthington hosted a wild p arty that consisted of approximately 500 youths. Not only did this uproar show disrespect to his parents, but to reporters, the law and other residents in the area. The teenager’s actions were no doubt reckless, though he considered himself a ‘legend’ for disobeying authority. Corey may have copped a $20,000 fine, but that became nothing to the praise the nation was giving him.Instead of being punished he was showered in numerous job offers, fame and many other opportunities. Corey Worthington took advantage of disrespect towards authority and was then celebrated for it. Disrespect for authority has been prominent in the past and present times and most likely to keep going onward to the future. Those who have disrespect for authority are worshiped for there actions and now days receive little to no penalty. Australians see this trait as an acceptance to our behavior as it has been embedded in the minds throughout many generations.

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society Essay

The Propper Sexual Relationship Between Members of the Hebrew Society - Essay Example The Shulamite woman goes out into the city to look for her lover and it is not indicated anywhere that the two of them could be married. There is openness about sexual relations that are in the Song of Songs that seem to be forbidden in the Deuteronomy (International Version, 2011). First, in Deuteronomy, the man is given so much importance rather than the female. The female expresses her desires openly while this is almost forbidden in Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy advocates for sexual modesty. Deuteronomy 25;11-12 says that "if two men fight and a wife belonging to one party come to the rescue her beloved husband from the wrath of his assailant. She then reaches out and, unfortunately, seizes him by his private parts then her hand should be cut off and be shown no pity. In songs of songs, the stalagmite expresses her desires openly without any shame. The man is of more importance while sexual encounters in Deuterostome and the woman is considered as an object who must obey the man and do as he wishes without any regard for her feelings or desires. Avoiding mentioning the woman opinion is made. In the Song of Songs, however, the woman is very open about her feelings and might be considered very wild and probably unsuitable for marriage in the traditional Hebrew comm unity. The Shula mite goes in search of her lover when he disappears.

Hatton Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hatton Gallery - Essay Example People from all walks of life, although learned and ingrained upon themselves the importance of "home" as well as its essence becoming a basic part of the human lifestyle rarely take a breather and view the "home" as an art. "Front Door, Back Gate" tries to encompass domesticity as theme on-going in Jeannie Finaley's exhibit at the Hatton Gallery. This exhibit is a yearly endeavour undertaken by the students from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. The exhibit also reflects the limited space of domestic life as well as the varying themes underlying actions, choices, moods, and between-the-line emotions. The group have chosen "interior" and exterior" as the sub-theme showing Hatton;s historical collection along with contemporary works giving a wider variety and balance on domesticity as an art. The group also used complementary home and garden furniture to exude comfort and create an atmosphere that welcomes. The vivid "Red Table" by Patrick Heron reflects love and solitude as well as denoting lifestyle and exuberance. Heron have an affinity for the vivid, exotic and captivating red, and this abstract still life painting shows an interior space with a table, a selection of everyday objects. The table seems to be set for one, which addresses sustenance, yet also gives a sense of solitude. Perhaps the time and comfort of home allowed the artist to look at these ordinary objects differently. The composition is inspired by forms and patterns extracted from the domestic surrounding, which allows more artistic freedom and activates the space around the objects. Simplicity adds a flare of innocence to the painting and invites the mind to think of the story of the place. It is provocative in a sense that red is played in various hues, contrasting with the bright yellow and yet implying connectivity. It is mysterious in a way that shapes are obscured but with details that strike out like questions. Leon Maurine's "Net" photograph shows direction and sense of belonging. Likewise, the "Net" curtain photograph also reflects aspiration, privacy, territory and voyeurism. This photograph shows a glimpse through a net curtain looking out onto a blurred view. The image creates a visual link between interior and exterior. The sheer layer of the net curtain infuses the two spaces. The image conveys a "pulse" of life on both sides. It makes us think about the time spent behind and beyond the net curtain. We commonly think of interior spaces as private and reflective. Often exterior spaces are more public and engaging. The relationship between domestic public and private spaces has never been static- its boundaries are changing with time and new ways of life. The details of the net, or crocheted curtain also invokes domesticity as a pained detail of art form. It is not something to be lightly taken, but with meditation and composure. One slip of the hook, or an extra count makes an imbalanced design and finish which juts out like a sore finger. Same thing is pictured with domestic life. Everything must be in harmony and although with various patterns, a part of a whole. Front Door, Back Gate Reasons for

Descriptive statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descriptive statistics - Assignment Example The study will employ a cross-sectional study where the data will be collected using a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly to both the participating and non-participating ELL students in a bid to compare the academic achievements among both groups. An in-depth interview will be conducted with the school counsellors in a bid to get a deeper understanding of the various interventions techniques implemented. According to Clark and Creswell (2010) one cannot analyze their data with statistics unless the data have been recorded in a numeric form. The first step therefore will be to assign scores to the different quantitative responses, followed by data entry done using the relevant statistical software or Excel. The research will examine both the single item scores and the summed scores (Clark & Creswell, 2010) as part of its detailed analysis to address the research question, the descriptive statistics obtained will be summarized in tables. Various outputs from the statistical analysis tools will be included as part of the findings. As per Clark and Creswell (2010) the models will be accompanied by the ANOVA and T-test tables in order to provide detailed statistics relevant in testing the differences between the observed grouped in regards to the academic performance. The descriptive statistics will be employed due to their convenience in providing informative comparison using the means of each attribute as indicator, the research findings will either be expressed as a percentage or as a mean. The descriptive table will contain the relevant standard deviation for the purposes of showing the extent of variability (Clark & Creswell, 2010). An example of a descriptive table is as shown in the table below: Where it summarizes the mean academic score of ELL students participating in the Interventions and those that don’t. ANOVA table is key for

Consumer and advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer and advertising - Essay Example In advertising, the purpose of making claims is educating clients and raising their expectations (Best 20). A claim can be a statement of fact or merely an attempt to create hype. Some claims do not always reveal all the details. The Range Rover ad reveals a sleek car moving at a high speed in a road bend. The car appears majestic and lovely beyond words. Its wide body and red color make it appear regal and even wider. The smaller details in fine print further expounds on the virtues of the car and hidden benefits. The message is that the car is not only a powerful machine but also luxurious four-wheel drive road monster. While other cars may come close to the class of the Range Rover, the ad says that the car is still ahead even when placed head to head with similar cars. Therefore, the car deserves to be ranked first in a contest of equals. The Lamborghini ad states that the car is a raging bull. A red car, the car appears ready for action. A cursory glance at it reveals it is ready for contest. Like an enraged bull, the car is capable of reaching above average speeds. The image of a raging bull in the minds of people is strong bull hurtling at dangerous and even killer speed. That is the image the advertiser wants to communicate to the readers; that Lamborghini is a powerful car capable of attaining high speeds. As in the other ads, the Bentley ad says that the car is the best of the breed. A text box in the ad says that Bentley is more than a car. It is mysterious, magical, and majestic. The use of such words is designed to inspire awe in the mind of consumers. It is a claim that is hard to verify. However, for interested users, they have a choice of buying and testing the veracity of the claim. The claim also says that the car is mysterious. That is designed to arouse curiosity. People are naturally curious about things that are mysterious. They are also interested in learning about the secrets behind magic and what makes great things

Smith and Marx in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Smith and Marx in Economics - Essay Example In his economic theory he focused largely on issues relating to labour and power, while Smith focused on capital and freedom. A significant number of people think that Adam Smith invented economics when he published The Wealth of Nations in 1776. In it, Smith wrote about how wealth is generated from both labour and land, and how this generation of wealth can lead to higher living standards and productivity. Accumulated wealth is capital that can be reinvested and yielf further dividends. The accumulation of wealth was a good thing; it was especially encouraged in systems that permitted free trade. Free trade permitted goods and services to be exchanged without tariffs. The main advantage of this was that it allowed people who had different items at their disposal to obtain things they needed. He wrote about the market’s â€Å"invisible hand.† This is an illustration that suggests that the market knows best, as it is the accumulation of peoples' desires. It is most famou sly summed up by Smith as follows: â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our own necessities but of their advantages† (26-7). ... [T]his produce †¦ bears a greater or smaller proportion to the number of those who are to consume it †¦ .[B]ut this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances; first, by the skill, dexterity, and judgement with which its labor is generally applied; and, secondly, by the proportion between the number of those who are employed in useful labour, and that of those who are not so employed (Smith, 10). His insight into 18th century economics was remarkable at the time. But hindsight makes Smith's contribution especially impressive as it resulted in political freedom and a remarkable generation of wealth. This was in direct contrast to the work of Marx, which led to misery and death. Smith's work was picked up great economists such as Frederick Hayek and Milton Freedman to argue for freer markets and more private ownership. Today the Wealth of Nations is considered a foundational text and Smith, who was cited frequently in his own day, is considere d one of the greatest economists (Campbell, et al, 7). Throughout the 19th century a number of economists took up Smith's work and added to it; but the greatest economist of that century was surely the German Karl Marx. His influence on world history was tremendous. His work was very different than Smith's. He focused on the unfairness inherent in the capitalistic system and felt that only labour was valuable. He felt that workers were being oppressed by employers and that they should rise up and form a new ruling class. Revolutionaries around the world took up his ideas in the 20th century to disastrous effect.

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink Lab Report

Creation of the Food Dye Coloring of a New Drink - Lab Report Example Food coloring involves the use of chemicals that add the intended color to the food. It is added often to drinks, condiments, and processed foods with the major aim of improving or maintaining the way a certain food appears. The main goal of this experiment is to come up with a dye solution that has the same composition as the one contained in a given commercial beverage. Synthesizing artificial dyes is cheaper compared to naturally occurring ones. Food dyes are important because they are used for numerous functions. They are used by manufacturers to enhance colors which occur naturally, providing the identity of foods, decorative purposes like in cakes color the colorless foods, provide consistency where varieties exist in the coloring, and in avoiding color losses resulting from environmental elements.Food dyes that are commonly used are pure organic chemicals, therefore, their use is limited to very small concentrations. The dyes which have been approved to be used in foods, drugs , and cosmetics are referred to as FD&C dyes. They are mainly large organic molecules that are developed to enhance or color the foods. Food dyes are used in very low concentrations which have been tested to be safe when consumed by human beings. Dyes occur either in natural form or artificial form. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as minerals, animals, and plants while artificial ones are produced synthetically.This experiment is limited to the use of UV-Vis spectrometer in determining absorbencies of various samples.

The main one being superstition Essay Example for Free

The main one being superstition Essay How has Willy Russel portrayed Mrs. Johnstone and Mrs. Lyons in Blood Brothers? How does he shape the audience response to the two women? I think the author has portrayed Mrs. J as a loving, caring person. She always involves her family when she thinks of life and just thinks of the simple things as luxury, this shows she is quite poor, she doesnt seem to have many things and she just wishes she could make her children happy. Shes always trying to support them and give them everything they want, for example in the catalogue she has tried to keep all the things she picked out from it but she doesnt have the money, it shows shes very soft towards her and her childrens needs, she just wants to get them everything they want but cant afford it, I love the bones of every one of them this shows she loves everything about them, every part of them. She seems to always buy things from the catalogue and always getting the consequences in return, this shows she never learns her lesson. Only mine until the time comes around to pay the bill. Then, Im afraid, what cant be paid must be returned. You never, ever learn, that nothings yours, on easy terms. This proves the point, the idea of having everything for her children is so tempting she just keeps on trying to pay, as though she has some hope that one day when it comes around, she will have the money to pay it. Easy terms is used by the narrator, easy terms means that you pay for something over time but the narrator is using easy terms for Mrs. Johnstone as there will be a price to pay, in the end you will have consequences to your actions, in this case she will pay for giving her child away. The writer uses these lyrics so that they can connect or relate to the audience because everyone has to pay for something in their life, it may not be something you want to do but in the end you have to, its showing that Mrs. Johnstone will always have to pay for what she has done. In the easy terms piece I think you could create a tear-rending scene by having Mrs. Johnstone in a apron or a maids dress to show she is very busy and she works a lot even though its probably not a well paid job. You could have her level with the babies to show the connection she has with them, she doesnt want to scare or intimidate them, she wants to mother them and putting her in this position will show what feelings she feels towards them. Then, Im afraid, this shows she is dreading the idea of what is going to happen. She should have a dreading, saddening face on and look as though she is about to burst into tears. I think the lighting should position a spot light on the babies and Mrs. Johnstone, concentrating on them and showing what is important. The volume of the music should move up and down to show her bursts of emotion but the sadness is shown with the quietness now and then. She is also thinking of her child when she swears on a bible; so that he gets all the things hes ever wanted or needed. We have seen Mrs. J as a kind, giving person and we give the response of sympathy. She has no money, no food, no normal, simple necessities, she just wants to have a care-free life and shes showing she is prepared to work hard for it. I think the author has portrayed Mrs. J as a pushy, selfish person. At the beginning we thought of her with sympathy, her husbands away, she has a big house with no family to fill it with and cannot have the joy of children. You start to see her side on how she has never had a child and craves one so badly that she even dreams of a child she never once had but then, the table turns and we she her bad side. We see her desperate side as she says that you have to swear on a bible, then we see that she is very pushy and selfish, when she says to Mrs.J that she wants the baby right now, this could mean that she doesnt want her to get attached to the baby, making it even more hers. Suddenly we see her pushy side when the baby is in the cot, Mrs. Lyons makes it clear that the baby is hers and that she is the mother from now on. Its even worse when we see she is firing her from her job, breaking a promise and even threatening her when she says she is going to tell someone, turning the blame to Mrs. J. We then see that Mrs. Lyons has a very dark side to her as she uses superstition against Mrs.J, knowing that, that is her weakness. In a way I can see her point of view, this is her chance to take what shes always wanted, to make her life perfect and she is never going to let it slip away since its so close to reach for. The response he is trying to get from the audience is a hated view, that she is a very terrible person and that she is doing all she can to get what she wants regardless of other peoples feelings. The play is about a number of things. The main one being superstition. Mrs. J starts the superstition in the play by telling Mrs.L to take the new shoes off the table because it is bad luck.

People With Dementia In Hong Kong Social Work Essay

People With Dementia In Hong Kong Social Work Essay Nowadays, day care, or nursing home is one of centers of providing stimulation to participants with dementia and scheduling relief to caregivers. However, day care did little to resolve continuing care issues that resume upon the individual returning home while it provided tremendous relief during the hours of service. So, family caregivers still provide extraordinary, uncompensated care, predominantly in the home setting (Lavretsky et al., 2010).   Unfortunately, caregivers are often placed at great risk for negative outcomes that also compromise the well-being of the patients with dementia and heighten their risk for placement in institutional settings. As a result, caregiver needs are overlooked in most clinical and service settings, which may exacerbate the issue of care of people with dementia. Challenges of family caregivers 1. Biological perspectives Caregivers of people with dementia must manage their loved-ones activities of daily living, such as dressing, toileting, and eating. Physically, caregivers are faced with demands involving assistance with daily activities and increased daytime dysfunction compared to non-caregiving controls (McKibbin et al., 2005). Besides, sleep disturbances have deleterious effects on family caregivers health, which is also documented as being predictive of heightened risks, including cardiovascular disease (Rose et al., 2008). At the same time, fatigue may contribute to the depletion of caregivers decision to institutionalize their demented spouse (Vitaliano et al., 2003). 2. Psychological perspectives The stress of caregiving in dementia has been highlighted in numerous studies, often described as an on-going stress process (Schulz Martire, 2004). At the beginning, loved one has been diagnosed with dementia, leaving many with a sense of dread, uncertainty, fear, and shame (Gorina et al., 2006). Moreover, in one study, caregivers expressed their concerns about a lack of knowledge on the cause of illness, on the treatments available for their relative, and on the types of services available and how to access those services (Wong et al., 2003). In addition, they feel frustration when having difficulty managing drug compliance and medical follow-ups, positive symptoms, such as bizarre behaviors, excessive and uncontrollable emotions, and negative symptoms of their relatives with mental illness, such as idling at home and lying in bed all the time (Wong, 2000). Later, grief might occur in response to loss of personal freedom, worry about the future, changes in roles and role conflict, and disruptions in functioning (Holly Mast, 2009). Compared with Western culture, the sense of familial responsibility among Chinese caregivers in Hong Kong exacerbates the stress of caregiving in dementia (Wong, 2000). Social perspectives Social costs are being borne by caregivers with relatives suffering from chronic mental illness (Lowder et al., 2005). Many studies have found that family members, particularly the caregivers, experience an increase in family conflicts, limited friendship and social life, financial difficulty, change in daily routines (Wong et al., 2002; Schulz Martire, 2004; Wong, 2006).Moreover, Hong Kong caregivers scored significantly higher in social costs than the Australian caregivers (Wong et al., 2002). Considering the challenges of family caregivers above, the purpose of this article is to explore the potentiality of supporting to caregivers of people with dementia in Hong Kong, in consideration of the well-being of the patients, especially of themselves. Current situation in Hong Kong Services provided in Hong Kong In Hong Kong the service provided for caregivers of dementia people is holistic. Social Welfare Department has hotline services as well as family services centers to offer counseling, support, and referral services to carers. And the carers support cernter in it and in Caritas Hong Kong also provide support services for those who need to take care of the elderly at home. Scope of service in such kind of centers are mianly skill-training and educational programs, self-help and mutual support groups, resouce corner, couseling and referral services, information giving, demonstration of rehabilitation-aid equipment and social recreational activities (GovHK, 2006). Although there are holistic intervention programs for the caregiver of dementia person in Hong Kong, we find that those programs maily focus on how to better care for the dementia people. After analyzing the challenges faced by family caregivers above, it is necessary to put emphasis on the carers as well. Secondly, prevention programs or services for carers of people with dementia which is diagnosed at the first stage are mentioned little. However, the prevention is important for carers as they may know the difficulties early and have the psychological preparation for all the possible challenges in order to provide better service for patients or supportive strength for themselves. Thirdly, the majority of intervention programs aim at primary caregivers. Nevertheless, according to the systemic family perspective (Yan, 2003), family is ecological. Although the primary caregiver is responsible for the daily care of the dementia elder, all family members will experience stresses. In ord er to establish a new equilibrium of family dynamics, roles and relationships, power and boundary restructuring are needed to be adjusted to the changing situation. Therefore, family as a system to be considered when an intervention plan is adopted is necessary and helpful to maintain a harmony and consolidate environment. 2. Policies supported Prior to World War 2, no community-based psychiatric service was available for people with mental illness in Hong Kong. These individuals were put into asylums run by charitable organizations, such as Tung Wah services (Yip, 1998). During 1960s and 1970s, very few community-based facilities, such as half-way houses and sheltered workshops for mentally ill persons were established (Wong, 2006). In 1982, the incident that an acutely psychotic person went into kindergarten, injured, and even killed a number of children created a scare in the community. As a consequence, the Hong Kong government took more responsibility in financing social and vocational rehabilitation services. In the early 1990s, psychiatric inpatient and community rehabilitation services have undergone many changes (Wong, 2006). However, there are several limitation of the mental health care system and policies. First of all is lack of direction and coordination of service. Whereas various political, social, and cultural conditions may have shaped the development and setting of different priorities in different countries, the Hong Kong SAR government still has not established an overall mental health policy to guide the development of mental health services in Hong Kong, even though various mental health acts have been legally endorsed in such countries as the United States, and Canada. Secondly, delivery of mental health services is inadequate. In Hong Kong, the dominant service delivery mode is still largely office-based, with a nine-to-five working schedule. Very few services operated on the weekends and after office hours. Therefore, when caregivers need professional help, their relative with chronic mental illness who is passive to treatment may not be able to receive timely interventions. Thirdly, ther e is a lack of community rehabilitation services. Currently, four government subsidized resource centers are available, but three of these four centers have been funded by the Social Welfare Department of Hong Kong only since October 2003. Moreover, lack of use of informal care is also a limitation. In Hong Kong, only several government-subsidized relative resource centers exist along with a few self-help groups with small memberships. The mental health care system has not fully utilized the resources available from these informal and networks (Wong, 2006). Finally, resources are lack for caregivers of people with dementia. At present, most of the resources in mental health care have been put into services for people with serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, and very few resources have been devoted to establishing services for caregivers of people with mental illness, especially with dementia, within the misunderstanding of dementia as a normal phenomenon among the elderly . Moreover, some social workers may not have the clinical knowledge and skills in mental health to perform psychiatric assessment and counseling for caregivers and their relative with illness. Strategies on how to do prevention and intervention When to intervene? According to Rabins (1994), prevention can be categorized into three types: primary prevention, in which a disorder is prevented from occurring; secondary prevention, in which an intervention is provided early when the disorder is identified; and tertiary prevention, in which morbidity occurs, but long-term consequences of disorder are diminished after appropriate intervention (Rabins, 1994). A primary-prevention strategy would aim at families at risk and most current caregiver-intervention studies are secondary- prevention studies. They focus on individuals who have sought help from an organization. Identifying individuals who are at great risk of developing impairment due to social, financial, physical, intrapersonal, or interpersonal resources limit early in the course of caregiving could improve the use of existing services and prevent them from exacerbating more serious problems. Tertiary prevention, that is to minimize the morbidity of individuals who have clearly developed undesirable outcomes because of caregiving (Rabins, 1994). Based on the three phases, different interventions are used. Prevention programs can be applied to the family members with elderly people who might become possible patients or the caregivers of dementia people who have been diagnosed at an early stage. Public education programs about dementias can be useful to those families with elderly people. Also, people need to be encouraged to communicate with dementia patients or their caregivers to understand the possible challenges they may meet which also can be a way to support the existent caregivers. Besides, psycho-education group is another good way to help caregivers which offers support, knowledge and skills training. For the intervention plans, they are mostly applied to the carers who have already faced the difficulties and felt challenged for themselves as well as the patients during the caring. They may encounter the problems from biological and psychological perspectives. Moreover, they face the challenges of lacking family supp ort as well as social support which make them feel suffering. As a result, the following part will introduce the intervention plan for carers of dementia elderly. Different aspects to intervene a. Biological aspect It can be counterproductive for family members to continue caring for their relatives when they are under bad healthy situation, so it is necessary for family caregivers to recharge their energy by taking a break from caring for their relatives. They should be encouraged and helped to establish more fulfilling and interesting social lives or they can choose a relaxer such as aerobics, massage, watching movies with friends (Stehman, Strachan, Glenner, Glenner, Neubauer, 1996). Moreover, some skills such as Body scan (Stehman, et al., 1996) can calm the caregiver down when he or she feels stressful or has tight tension. Regular body examination is necessary for the carers as well. b. Psychological aspects According to psychological problems of caregivers, the most serious points are distress, low self-efficacy which can lead to depression and anger during the caring process (Gallagher-Thompson, 1994). When counseling with the carers, listening is valuable to them as they always need someone to listen to their feelings and experience which is a way of release (Marshall Tibbs, 2006). Moreover, using psycho-educational intervention programs can be helpful in which two programs were developed. One is Increasing Life Satisfaction, the one that focused on handling depression by increasing the frequency of engagement in pleasant activities, and the other one is Coping with Frustration which aims at anger-management skills and reducing the frequency as well as intensity of anger feelings (Gallagher-Thompson, 1994). Both of the two programs are developed from cognitive-behavioral perspective. And the duration can be last 10 sessions at three-month intervals between every three sessions. Secondly, other caregiver training programs which provide support to enhance positive emotion are always needed. The training shares two major goals: to improve caregivers ability to cope with the stress of caregiving and to empower caregivers by developing problem-solving strategies (Kaplan, 1996). The ability of solving problems when caring often relates to the cognitive status and will influence the stress level. Another pivotal aim is to increase the self-efficacy of carers. Since self-efficacy of caregivers relates to their physical and mental health and high level of depression may lead to low self-efficacy and more burden to caregivers, it is particularly significant to enhance the self-efficacy of caregivers (Fortinsky, Kulldorff, Kleppinger, Kenyon-Pesce, 2009). In a word, efficient intervention to help caregivers improve their problem-solving skills and thus enhance self-efficacy and reduce the stress as well as negative emotion such as guilty or anger is important when considering the psychological aspect. c. Family support As mentioned before, balanced family dynamics and support from other members are benefit to both the patient and the caregiver. Intervention programs that attempt to help the family members develop proper attitudes toward their relatives, acquire basic information on the day-to-day management of their relatives, improve communication skills are found to be useful. Indeed, it is necessary for the worker to see family members as partners and resources in the care of people with dementia disease. Family therapy (Marshall Tibbs, 2006) is traditionally practised in dysfunctional families and usually it is useful when families are under stress. Viewing dementia as a family problem rather than a problem for a single person, or the person and the carer, can be very constructive. In the family system, normally there are some subsytems such as siblings relationship, parent-child relationship, and marital relationship. And when one of the members have demetia problem, conflict or argument arises under the stressful environment. Under this circumstances, better communication and intimate relationship help to cope with the crisis (Quinn Herndon, 1986). The family had a clear but flexible boundary, which allowed other systems come in to provide assistance. The family members were also flexible in adjusting different roles and positioning in the family to achieve stability. So having family counseling, and involve all the possible members to discuss and share with each other is importa nt. Under the agreement, the members can support each other and the burden or emotional problem can be eased. d. Social support Caregiver support groups throughout the community to help people better cope with complex issues is necessary like the groups provided by Alzheimers Community Care (Caregiver Support Groups, 2010). Besides, it concludes one special service called 24-hour crisis line to provide crisis intervention. Such kind of intervention is quite useful because it will stabilize and coordinate emergency resources and advocate for the patient and caregiver. Moreover, it ensures the patient to achieve the optimum level of functioning, enabling the patient to remain in the least restrictive setting. Educational support group is an intervention used by the majority of the programs. The objectives are to help caregivers develop knowledge about dementia and the process of caring for someone with the disease; to assist caregivers to learn about the resources and services available to them and to support them in their experience of caregiving and in their need for self-care. Small groups of less than fifteen people can be offered to deepen and personalize the knowledge gained through the seminars. Caregivers feel more at ease to raise their concerns and questions. Moreover, workers can have the time to address concerns and issues selected from them. Enhanced Home and community services (EHCCS) program provided by Social Welfare Department of Hong Kong and Carer support Group organized by Hong Kong Alzheimer`s Disease Association offer such kind of platform for carers. Caregivers can get professional resources and emotional support from the sharing of experienced carers. Besides, resp ite care (Lawton, 1994) allows caregiver to be temporarily relieved of the responsibility for care. It qualifes as a broad generalized intervention because it supplies the wherewithal of time for the caregiver to do whatever he or she wishes-a ture open-ended intervention. Moreover, case management services provided by community help caregivers to negotiate the social services or health care system. Through this way, multiple professionals can be gethered to support and meet the needs of caregivers and patients. At last, social workers also can help through home visiting and offering couseling. During the helping process, communication skills and techniques such as nomalization, attending and miracle questions are needed to encourage caregivers to share and express their negative emotions and thus to assess the caregivers problem and help. When doing the couseling, music and art therapy can be an opportunity for carers to enjoy and improve the quality of life. 3. Suggestion for policies First of all, the provision of psychiatric care involves such different departments as health care, social services, education, and vocational training, and involves different professionals such as psychiatrists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and social workers. Different operation units have their own sets of criteria and procedures for accepting service user. It is easy to appreciate the difficulties and confusion family members face when accessing the mental health care system. Therefore, a systemic, comprehensive health care policy should be established, which provide the family caregivers with information on the various services available and secure the services for his or her relative. Secondly, since a large number of mentally ill individuals live with their family, and some these family members have taken up the caring roles, the government has the responsibility to provide resources and funding to support these family members. In essence, if family members can adequately perform their caring roles, it may reduce the chance of their relatives relapse and consequently fewer hospitalizations will occur. Finally, in order to increase the familys functioning of caring the dementia people in Hong Kong, the government needs to administer more resources to agencies that provide individual and group counseling for caregivers of people suffering from serious and mild psychiatric illness. Conclusion

What Is the Real Cost Of Employee Turnover Essay -- essays research pa

What Is the Real Cost Of Employee Turnover The employee turnover rate and the retention of skilled employees is a major problem businesses face. â€Å"Conservative estimates put the cost of replacing a lost employee at 25 percent of the annual compensation amount. For the typical full time employee who earns $38,481 and receives $50,025 in total compensation, the total cost of turnover would amount to $12,506 per employee.† This being the case employee turnover is a major cost and can significantly influence the bottom line so it should be avoided if possible. (Bliss) â€Å"Employee turnover is a critical cost driver for American business. The cost of recruiting and filling vacancies, lost productivity from vacant jobs, and the costs of training new employees increase operating costs, reduce output, and cut into profits.† (Orville 5-7) Estimates of the costs of employee turnover vary widely and depend on whether all cost elements are recognized. The three primary elements of turnover cost include: †¢ Staffing – sometimes called cost-per-hire include the costs of exit interviews, recruiting, job applications, screening applicants, relocation expenses and signing bonuses. †¢ Vacancy – While a position is vacant, the productivity of the former employee is lost and the productivity of the overall organization is reduced, as remaining workers have to cope with being short-handed. †¢ Training – No new employee starts work at 100 percent efficiency. The replacement employee’s time, other employee’s time and valuable resources must be expended to train each new employee and to facilitate the transitions. So how do employers retain employees? Many employers try gimmicks, games, and prizes. F. Leigh Branham, author of Keeping the People Who Keep You in Business offers the following advice for retaining employees: †¢ Don’t always hire the best, but hire the â€Å"best fit†. †¢ Have the insight to realize that no matter what the job not just anyone can do it well. †¢ Focus on matching the person’s strengths to the right challenge and the right role, not on improving weaknesses to the point that every employee is well rounded. †¢ Build a culture of trust by giving people free reign to ... ...er off in another company or if your company would be better, off without the employee you are facing a positive situation and the financial impact may be a small sacrifice. However, if the employee is a true asset to your company it may be worth your time to try to sway him or her to rethink their decision to leave. The true cost of employee turnover can only be determined by weighing all the facts and looking at how it impacts your organization. You need to look at all the factors, monetary as well as organizationally to determine if the outcome was negative or positive. Works Cited Bliss, William. â€Å"Cost of Employee Turnover.† The Adivsor. 11 Nov 2004 http://www.isquare.com/turnover.cfm. Branham, Leigh. Keeping the People Who Keep You in Business. : Amacom Books. Javitch, David. "How Much Turnover is OK?." 01 2003. Entrepreneur.com. Entrepreneur.com. 01 Dec. 2004 . McNally, Steven. "Turn Away Turnover." Security Services. September 2004: 16 - 19. Orville, Wilbur. â€Å"Calculating the Cost of Work/Life Turnover.† Workforce March 1997: 5-7 Unknown. "Employee Turnover - A Critical Human Resource Benchmark." hr Benchmarks December 2002: 20 – 23

Medieval Weapons Essay -- European History

Medieval Weapons Medieval society, in spite of its stereotypes, was not inherently more violent than modern society. â€Å"Although there was no state in the modern sense, and therefore no set of laws that inherently took away the power of the average man or woman to exercise violence, the violence of the day was considered differently, and with out the inherent sense of criminality that accompanies it today. Our understanding of the weapons of the medieval world is skewed by the vast disarming of the â€Å"the civilian† that is taken for granted today, yet is a vastly different situation compared to what existed in many parts of â€Å"the West† as little as seven years ago. Medieval weapons and armor are, for better or for worse, generally considered in light of the knight and the nobility. The nobility, fighting as heavy cavalry, had exerted a tremendous influence on the battlefield. In spite of the pressures brought to bear on the knight by the increased use of the longbow, crossbow, handgun, and pike, heavy cavalry continued to play an absolutely essential role on the battlefield. The 14th-16th century saw great chanteys in weapons and armor, not because they â€Å"evolved† per se, but because they changed to maintain their effectiveness under deferent conditions, as John Clements puts in his book Medieval Swordsmanship â€Å"after all, swards did not get sharper, stronger, or especially more effective after the middle Ages. They did not evolve as guns did to become more accurate, of l...

Child Labor Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Child Labor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child Labor, refers to the economically active population under the age of fifteen years old, who are employed in various industries (Grootaert, 2). Recently, child labor has become a large topic of debate; however, in most cases, it is very unfavorable. The perception that globalization is leading towards the exploitation of children, is becoming an important problem for international business. In my opinion, child labor should be eradicated. It is not only harmful to the health of children, but it takes away their chance for an education, and simply takes away their childhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The International Labor Organization estimates that 250 million children around the world, between the ages of five and fourteen, work. Out of the 250 million, 120 million of them work fulltime (ILO, 5). Child labor is common in industries such as agriculture, domestic services, carpet and textile, quarrying and brick making, and also prostitution. Some children work in factories and other workplaces in the â€Å"formal economy;† however, many work on farms or in homes. Child labor has many hazardous effects on the health of children. Some children work in areas such as stone quarries, tanning leather, and electroplating metals. All of these working conditions endanger the health of the child. Children in different occupations face different fatal diseases. Silicosis, which is caused from working in stone cutting, brick factories, granite and slate factories is one such disease. Tuberculosis, is also another disease endeared by children in pottery related i ndustries. Another very big problem, because of poor living conditions, is malnutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lack of education for working children is also another very serious problem. Child laborers work for most of the day, and in some cases 16 hours a day. There is no question, that education is a major contributing factor to the overall development of the child. Yet, because of the long working hours, children are deprived of time for education. Some children are more or less slaves, controlled by their employer to work all the time. In other cases, the parents are even responsible for child labor, because they give priority to labor and making money, over education. Some children must earn the income for the entire household (Grootaert, 3). Asi... ...). However, developing countries including Brazil and India, which have very high rates of child labor, rejected the proposal. But the rate of child labor is still dropping. In 1996, Brazil had 3.3 million child laborers. Soon after, international pressures, forced President Fernando Henrique Cardoso to create an anti-child labor initiative. This program basically paid parents to send their children to school. By the year 2000, the amount of child workers decreased to 2.5 million.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, child labor is still decreasing, but it seems almost impossible to eradicate. Child labor is ethically wrong and immoral; and yet, there are still businesses that choose to turn their heads away. Works Cited: Bachman, S. L. â€Å"The Political Economy of Child Labor and its Impacts on International Business.† Business Economics Jul. 2000: 1-4. Buckley, Stephen. â€Å"The Littlest Laborers: Why does Child Labor Continue to Thrive in the Developing World?† Washington Post 16 Mar. 2000: 1-5. Grootaert, Christian. â€Å"Child Labor: an Economic Perspective.† International Labor Review 136. 1995: 2, 3, 7. International Labor Organization. 1996. 20 Jun. 2001.

To Be True to Yourself in a World That Is Constantly Making You

To be true to yourself in a world that is constantly making you something else is a great achievement All of us possess qualities that differentiate us from other human beings. These distinguishing features could be more or less highlighted in appearance, mindset or capabilities, but they will always persist and determine the nature of our personality. Unfortunately these characteristic attributes are deteriorating as humanity is moulding us into the â€Å"perfect person† influencing us to stray away from who we are (our so called â€Å"insignificant† selves) to what is desirable (a flawless model).Staying true to yourself means to stick to what you believe in and being whom you were meant to be, it means not sacrificing who you are to fit in with others. Although it may seem hard during this day and age to keep true to yourself with peer pressure, the media and portrayals factorising our change in personality, why do we hide behind their expectations? Why do we change ourselves to be accepted by people who in the long run don’t matter? A lot of respect goes to those who don’t change themselves based on other people’s thoughts and indications, as they’ve overcome society and destroyed social conditioning.As human beings we like to have an idea of whom and what we want to become. Alice Pung, author of Growing up Asian in Australia enlightened her readers of her teenage struggles she faced whilst growing up, she said â€Å"Most teen fiction gave me the idea that I needed extensive plastic surgery. † Since the media has become one of the most powerful sources of information, we subconsciously condition ourselves to match what they feed us – aiming to be as pretty as Angelina Jolie or as skinny as Miranda Kerr.However as we perfectly shape and sculpt our features into resembling these celebrities, we lose sight of who we really are and we just end up looking like a carbon copy of someone else. Each day magazin es are printing out tips and tricks of being a size 6 and make up secrets which makes you appear older, these negative images being constantly shown and splattered across every news stand brainwash us into thinking that if we aren’t a certain way we won’t be â€Å"popular† or â€Å"happy† and therefore we feel unworthy; obligingly purchasing products that will â€Å"better† us.According to Anastasia Goodstein, from Huffington Post, â€Å"80 percent of girls have purchased an item as a result of an ad in a teen magazine and 63 percent trust magazine ads. † As a result girls become convinced that they require particular fashions to belong in a society that emphasizes materialism. Moreover, most of the fashion, diet and lifestyle advice is directed toward being desirable to men. Magazines stress sexuality as a central identity, minimizing all other attributes. The girls reading teen magazines begin to digest and trust the message that they are only sexual objects.Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a social group or an individual, encouraging other persons to change their attitudes, values, or behaviours in order to conform to group norms. Peer pressure is most commonly associated with youth, in part because most youth spend large amounts of time in schools and other fixed groups that they do not choose and are seen as lacking the maturity to handle pressure from friends. Peer pressure can also have positive effects when people are pressured toward positive behaviour, such as volunteering for charity or excelling in academics or athletics, by their peers.However Risk taking behaviour is seemingly the most common as these same people engage in experimenting in alcohol, drugs and sex – where these decisions are purely made on the basis of gaining popularity and fitting into these â€Å"in† groups. According to American Social Psychologist Wendy Treynor’s original â€Å"identity shift effect† hypothesis, â€Å"One's state of harmony is disrupted when faced with the threat of external conflict for failing to conform to a group standard.Thus, one conforms to the group standard, but as soon as one does, eliminating this external conflict, internal conflict is introduced . To rid oneself of this internal conflict, an â€Å"identity shift† is undertaken, where one adopts the group's standards as one's own, thereby eliminating internal conflict, returning one once again to a state of harmony. Even though the peer pressure process begins and ends with one in a state of harmony, as a result of conflict and the conflict resolution process, one leaves with a new identity—a new set of internalized standards. As everyone within the friendship group aim to please each other and wear the new fashion trends, they lose any form of eccentricity and appear as replicates rather than individuals. They’re all unanimous. As Simon Tong stated in Growing Up Asian in Aust ralia, â€Å"If I couldn’t express myself, who was myself? † Portrayals and stereotypes are what test us the most in this life. A stereotype is a thought that may be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things, but that belief may or may not accurately reflect reality.Such examples include women aren’t as smart as men, men are the â€Å"backbone† and women can’t do as good of a job as a man. Whether or not we give into these typecasts define who we are. If you start to think you are worthless because you’re a female and start believing that men are better than women; you weaken your personality where you turn into a coward cowering and depending on others. These lingering effects hurt people in a very real way, leaving them at a disadvantage. Labelling people in a negative manner has a lasting detrimental impact on those who experience the prejudice. Past studies have shown that people perform poorly in situat ions where they feel they are being stereotyped,† says University of Toronto Scarborough’s Michael Inzlicht, who led the research. â€Å"People are more likely to be aggressive after they’ve faced prejudice in a given situation. They are more likely to exhibit a lack of self control. They have trouble making good, rational decisions. † When being forced to live with these perceptions, we change who we are in a negative way, often leaving our real selves behind in search for a more enhanced self that is socially approved.Whilst some elements of the world out there may want us to conform, to change, to be something different than who we are, it’s up to us to decide what we’re going to do about it. Eleanor Roosevelt affirmed, â€Å"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. † It is tough to stand opposed to the majority, to speak up in a world where judgement is echoed ubiquitously and that’s why to stay true to yourse lf in this detrimental world, this harsh reality, is a great accomplishment; it is rare for a person to be their true self without any underlying lies that factorized their true intentions.No one is in control of you besides yourself; therefore, you have the power to change anything about yourself or your life that you want to change. We can choose to make our own minds up about what is good and what is bad. We can choose to form our own version of pretty, handsome, clever, etc. We can choose to like ourselves, value ourselves, or at least commit to learning how. Or we can choose to continue to see ourselves as inadequate and wrong and try to change ourselves. It’s up to us, not him, her, or them.

How is the theme of evil dramatized in Macbeth? Essay

In Elizabethan times everyone believed in the Natural Order which can also be referred to as The Chain of Being. The Chain of Being is a hierarchy, where God is at the top and the King is second, last are the elements; fire, air, water and earth. If something happened to the king everything under the king’s rank would be affected. This stopped people overthrowing the king because they were told bad things would happen to them. We can tell that the Chain of Being was affected in Macbeth because of what some of the characters say in Act 2 Scene 4 after King Duncan has been murdered. â€Å"A falcon tow’ring in her pride of her place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed† This shows an image of a mouse hunting an owl and killing it which is the reverse of what happens under normal circumstances. Animals are under the king’s rank. The horses also turn to cannibalism, â€Å"And Duncan’s horses†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"’tis said they eat each othe r.† Treason is the illegal act of overthrowing the government or king. Macbeth manages to overthrow King Duncan, which is treason, and at the end of the play Macbeth gets overthrown by Macduff. Just a few years before Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, Guy Fawkes attempted to overthrow King James I. Treason involves people at lower ranks of the Chain of Being moving up the chain, which will include killing and murdering, which are evil acts. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth for King James I, who had just been crowned, to warn him about the revolution that was about to take place. In Act 1 Scene 3 the opening establishes the witches as evil. They act haphazardly and randomly. There words â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair†, is chanted in a mischievous way. It implies the witches believe that evil is good and they find good repulsive. Not only does this portray their attitude to life but it is also a warning to the audience that there is much confusion and things are not what they may seem to be. Macbeth is also heard to utter these words and show that he is influenced by the witches. In Elizabethan times, witches were usually women rejected by society and represent evil. In the play they have a great influence over Macbeth and intend to involve him in their evil, â€Å"There to meet with Macbeth.† Evil is created around the witches because the witches are instantly thought to be dark and to have a connection with the devil. The feeling of evil is made stronger because the witches meet in lifeless dark places away from society. In Act 1 Scene 1 the witches meet in a desolate place and in Act 1 Scene 3 they meet on a heath. This creates an eerie feeling. The weather reflects the witches’s emotions and in the four witch scenes there is thunder. All this emphasizes their destructive nature. The witches also do not look human. They are supposed to be women but they are bearded. â€Å"You should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret † Anyone who does not look ‘normal’ or human may have evil links. In some productions of Macbeth, the witches come across as alien, which can be evil as it’s not the norm. In one film production the witches are naked. It is a human trait to cover up with clothes. When asked where the second witch has been she replies â€Å"killing swine† which shows cruelty for her own amusement. The curses they chant are to cause pain upon others which reflects their own evil behaviour â€Å"sleep shall neither night or day† – the first witch causes insomnia upon Macbeth. In Act 4 Scene 1 the witches used black magic which involves adding ingredients to a cauldron. They use the image of innocence by adding a â€Å"finger of a birth strangled babe† which shows new life destroyed. Many people would say this is evil. ‘That look not like†¦.’ this, said by Banquo, shows us that he fears the witches and is unsure if they are real, on the other hand he confidently asks ‘What are you’, suggesting that he may know of the witches, or even be friendly with them. Although this also has the possibility of being interpreted as Macbeth seeing the witches as unnatural and evil for he does ask about what they are. Macbeth can be considered as being an evil character in that he kills King Duncan in cold blood by stabbing him. It is premeditated as indicated in the soliloquy of his inner thoughts. â€Å"We’d jump the life to come, but in these cases, we still have judgment here.† It also shows selfishness, ambition and self gain for the King’s position. In suspecting his close friend Banquo may want to turn Macbeth in for his crime, â€Å"Wisdom that doth guide his valor†¦to act in safety.† Macbeth knows he must get rid of Banquo and his manipulating character by convincing the murderers and himself that killing him is right. â€Å"Both of you know Banquo was your enemy†¦so he is mine; and it such bloody distance that every minute of his being thrusts against my near’st of life.† He portrays evil in that he is plotting a murder against his friend and influencing others in believing that they are doing the right act in killing him. Others may consider Macbeth to be more of a strong warrior than evil. He goes beyond the limits of a solider in battle for his king and country. Therefore he can be seen as an honorable man â€Å"What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won†. Lady Macbeth describes him as having â€Å"Too full o’th’milk of human kindness†, a humanity. Macbeth can be seen as corruptible for ambition but lacking the ruthlessness to get what he really wants. He is a complex character – he has aggression and determination which makes him a successful warrior. However he also has a conscience with a sense of guilt. These contrasts in Macbeth’s character and his attempts to fix them are what make him human. â€Å"Commends th’ingredience of our poisoned chalice to our own lips†. This shows Macbeth to be a reluctant murderer; he is troubled by his conscience even before committing the act. He uses the soliloquy to express his struggle between right and wro ng. Macbeth constantly questions his brutality and his inability to live with himself as a murderer. â€Å"This is a sorry sight†. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth appears to be a kind, caring wife to Macbeth but underneath that â€Å"innocent flower† there is a â€Å"serpent†, a scheming and manipulative woman. â€Å"Look like th’flower but be the serpent under’t†. When Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches her determined ambition and her cold nature leads Macbeth astray. Lady Macbeth is so determined to succeed that she calls to the evil spirits to make herself more evil, â€Å"fill me from crown to the toe-top, full of the direst cruelty! Make thick my blood.† On the other hand Lady Macbeth can be seen to be a lonely and frustrated character. She is an ambitious woman in a man’s world where the men have all the power and control. She is often portrayed as being on her own, for instance when reading the letter as Macbeth is at battle and she misses him. She has a driven will with much energy and very little to do. She shows vulnerability and an inwards sense of horror at what she has done but at the same time she is denying these qualities incase she shows a weakness. â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so it will make us mad.† In her sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth’s conscience tortures her and she imagines her hands covered in blood. â€Å"The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? What, will these hands ne’er be clean? No more o’that my Lord, no more o’that.† She committed suicide. In conclusion I feel that Shakespeare’s message to his audience is that revolution should be created slowly as the characters at the top of the Chain of Being are not sympathetic to others. This was one of his strong beliefs as Shakespeare was a secret Catholic who supported the pope and was a sympathizer to Guy Fawkes. He also tells the audience that committing evil acts and affecting the Chain of Being ends up corrupting the system. If you are one of the people who committed the acts then, Shakespeare tells us it is hard to clear a guilty conscience. In Macbeth’s search for power, he ends up killing Duncan which leads to several more murders. He started off by being known as â€Å"Brave Macbeth† but once the king was murdered he was corrupted by power. He was defeated by his constant search for more authority and control. Macbeth was only meant to be Thane Of Cawdor and when he managed to become king, he abused his power. Shakespeare’s sends us the message that some people were made to have more control because they could handle it and had the personality trait to control themselves with the amount of power they have. He also sends us the message that too much power corrupts. Many people would say that ambition in the key to success but in Macbeth it is a downfall. Macbeth has the three witches and Lady Macbeth constantly pushing his ambition. Shakespeare gives us that message that having ambition is good but you should go out of your own ability because it may lead to your death, like Macbeth. The relationship between good and evil is very clear to see. The main theme of the play is showing the audience how an honest, regular man can be changed into evil and be dehumanized. He is not evil but instead is surrounded by evil influences such as his wife and the witches. However, goodness does win as Macbeth is killed and the evil dies away with him.

Andres Bonifacio: Story of Life Essay

Bonifacio was the son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro in Tondo, Manila, and was the eldest of five children.[7] His father was a tailor who served as a tenyente mayor of Tondo, Manila, while his mother was a mestiza born of a Spanish father and a Filipino-Chinese mother who worked at a cigarette factory. As was custom, upon baptism he was named for the saint on whose feast he was born, Andrew the Apostle. Bonifacio’s normal schooling was cut short when he dropped out to support his siblings after both their parents died of illness. He sold canes and paper fans he made himself and made posters for business firms. In his late teens, he worked as a mandatory for the British trading firm Fleming and Company, where he rose to become a corregidor of tar, rattant and other goods. He later transferred to Fressell and Company, a German trading firm, where he worked as a bodeguero (storehouse worker). Bonifacio was also a part-time actor who performed in moro-moro plays. Not finishing his normal education, Bonifacio was self-educated. He read books about the French Revolution, biographies of the Presidents of the United States, books about contemporary Philippine penal and civil codes, and novels such as Victor Hugo’s Les Misà ©rables, Eugà ¨ne Sue’s Le Juif errant and Josà © Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Aside from Tagalog and Spanish, he could speak a little English, learnt from his working for J.M. Fleming and Co.[8] Bonifacio was married twice, first to a certain Monica who died of leprosy. He then married Gregoria de Jesà ºs of Caloocan in 1893. They had one son named Andrà ©s who died in infancy of smallpox (Chickenpox). In 1892 he joined Rizal’s La Liga Filipina, an organisation which called for political reform in the colonial government of the Philippines. However, La Liga disbanded after only one meeting as Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan in Mindanao. Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini and others revived La Liga in Rizal’s absence and Bonifacio was active at organising local chapters in Manila. La Liga Filipina contributed moral and financial support to Propaganda Movement Filipino reformists in Spain.

A Small Excerpt From My Autobiography Essay

Insecurity shrouded me like a cold blanket. I wanted to cry, but the tears evaded my pale cheeks, held back by the numbness, the shrill, shrieking numbness that flowed though my veins chilling my blood. Comprehension escaped my every thought. My entire world had just collapsed instantaneously, like a fragile tower built from a pack of old decrepit playing cards. Yet my skeleton held me tall, erect and fixed to the spot. A manikin’s existence seemed comparable to mine. These thoughts and feelings can never be erased. They seem to be impregnated into the very structure of my biological make up, as if they are, in some strange way, a new set of genes. Provoked into action by a sight, sound or smell, each time the grooves of these emotions become etched deeper into my whole existence. Forgiveness being my salvation. Memory my tormentor. My mother’s death has left a long lasting rippling effect on my life and I am sure my brother’s too. To some extent it even spills over into my children’s lives. My children’s days have lacked the richness most grandmothers radiate to the existence of their grandchildren; their caring hands, their warm, gentle touch, their unchallenging, patient ear; knowledge and wisdom that only our elders possess through life experiences; wise words that may have infiltrated and enriched my children’s thoughts, shaping, moulding and inspiring even an infinitesimal part of their lives. But they are to naive or could it be to innocent to understand how this would affect their own mortality. I was six, just a baby really. When I look at my own children I get totally blown away. Blown away by the whole impact of this entire life-changing event. Even now as an adult I’m not sure if I could cope with such a traumatic experience. How did I cope that morning when I was awoken by the strange sounds of hushed voices? I do not even remember who told me; was not a member of my family. Not a single warming comforting face amongst any of them. From that moment on, my brothers, one younger, aged eighteen months and one older than myself, aged eight, lived with our grandparents and our aunt and uncle. We were whisked away from our roots that were, never to be returned to, or to be mentioned again; until we as adults felt the need to retrace, recollect and look at things in hindsight for our own satisfaction and personal needs. Many times I pondered and dwelt on the notion of revisiting those past concrete visions, visions edited by my own fair hand, captured and stored in the archives of my own being. At times, I wonder if I have all the pieces. I wonder if I collated and collected them as it really was. Did I miss something? Was that intentional? Do I really need to add, adjust or amend my visions and knowledge of that day? The ones I have become so accustomed to. Do I wish to discard my comfortable old slippers in exchange for a new pair that may irritate and cause blisters? These questions pose an eternal dilemma within me. I do have a wont, a desirer, a yearning you may call it, a yearning, which burns, burns for the truth. Yet truth has a partner, a partner called fear. This enormous fear hangs over me, like a guillotine hangs above the head of its victim. Would Mother Nature call that self-preservation? A disguised, darken angel, sent to protect me from the ills of truth? My life was totally transformed that spring morning. I was propelled out of a secure, warm, safe and caring environment, into a world that seemed at the time like a cold, stark, lonely and barren existence. This place was miles (not only in distance, but in emotion) from my normal surroundings. As an adult, I can compare the contrast of these two different settings with slightly more rationality. But then, all of those years ago, at that very moment in my life, analysing and evaluating the structural and materialistic things around me must have seemed an insignificant notion to have. I could not think about, let alone analyse, anything beyond my own tormented feelings of sheer pain, anguish, neglect, betrayal and above all anger. Yes anger! This was by far the overriding feeling. At times the anger was quashed by guilt, yet this sense of guilt burned deep inside fuelling the fire of the anger once more. Anger that my mother had left; disappeared, forever out of my life. Bereft of the tender, loving, affectionate hands that so often comforted me and tucked me neatly onto my warm, cosy bed. This bedtime thought always evoked copious tears to drench my pillow late at night. How dare my mother do that! Did she not know that parents live forever? Did she not realise that I would be the one that would be left to take the role of mother to her youngest son, my brother? This accolade I did not wish for. I was far too young to grasp the enormity of this duty bestowed upon me by circumstances. As a child you invent mysterious coping strategies to evade the inevitable truth. For weeks, after the death of my mother, denial was my master. I would slowly unfasten my eyes, as dawn’s uncaring hand stirred me from my serene slumber, shutting them firmly again in a flash. My logic at this age made perfect sense, I thought that if I did not see the world, then it did not exist. If the world did not exist, then I was not part of it either. If I were not part of the world, logic would have it, that I must be somewhere else. So if I were somewhere else, then that awful event had not really occurred and pain would no longer consume me. Consequently, if I were no longer in pain, it stood to reason that my mother would still be alive. At this point my body would swiftly transport me back to truth, the grinding of my empty stomach would compel me to open my eyes once more. As a child I always hoped that my eyes would be my betrayer; visions of dreams that could be dispelled and forgotten in a trice. Once again I would ardently shut my eyes, mustering up the entirety of my thoughts and powers in a last ditched attempt to dispel those awful, distressing events, hoping that they were all just feigned.

Summary of Tatars Text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of Tatars Text - Essay Example The frustration in her heart infuriates her and gets her to the pavements along the streets. As she fantasizes on the best and desired life out of punishment and maltreatment by the dad, she gets into visions. The visions were linked to the effects of the condition she was in, hypothermia, but some counted real. She sees her grandmother in the tale as the only person who cared and never mistreated her in her life. And this has been part of her greatest desires ever in this irritating lifestyle. The conditions set for her going back home from the streets where she sold the matchboxes deprived her of any good reason to live under the sun. This forms the basis of her fantasies (Behrens and Rosen, 296-297). The frustration of the imagination of the situation of how it could be at home when she gets home without selling the expected amount of boxes gets her down into deep fantasies. She gets down onto a place within the street where she lights the matches as she visions her situation and links it to the desires that she wants to happen in her life. She lights her matches as she sees the Christmas tree as gorgeous and appealing to the soul. She then sees a falling star from the skies and this reminds her of the story the grandmother told her before she died. It was a signal that a person would die and was to be in heaven in a happy life. Of course, this is what she desires for. This thought of someone important dying and going to heaven does not scare her, and she surges on to light the next matchstick.

Is the world inside Video game should running some law and limitation Essay

Is the world inside Video game should running some law and limitation as the real world - Essay Example In the video games virtual societies, the players must comply with specific rules and laws that seek to make the games more engaging. Failure to comply with some of such rules earns the players various punishments that range from point deductions and eventual ejection from the completion. The fact that the video games are increasingly becoming common among the modern societies and the fact that they seek to portray the nature of the contemporary society makes the design and the application of the laws and regulations a contentious issue. The developers of the games employ regulations that make the games more engaging without considering the implications of such rules and laws in the real society. In most games such as need for speed, the player drives a racing car capable of withstanding some of the worst car crushes. Additionally, in the game traffic rules are relative with the infractions such as ramming onto a police car and resisting arrest earning one more points that are compli mentary. Addiction to such games has effects on the peace and stability in the real world since some of such laws apply in the real world. Furthermore, in real world a car crush may turn fatal depending on the intensity of the crash. Moralists will continue to advocate for the harmonization of the video game rules to the laws in the real society while capitalists and entrepreneurs who develop the games continue to oppose such moves. Developers of the games rely on the large market turnout to sell their products thus make more profits. Abiding by such laws in the real world such as speed limits, the official driving age and drunk driving are some of the laws that should they incorporate in their games may affect their profitability. Developers of the games seek to make their products as interesting and as engaging as possible. â€Å"They heighten the conflict between the players and the authorities in order to make police evasion an interesting and intriguing experience to their cus tomers† (Jeff 257). In fact, breaking the laws in the virtual society becomes the game. Harmonizing the rules of the games to those in the real society would make the games boring thus affect their profitability objective (John 41). Among the most controversial issues in video games have been the heightened crime and violence in the product especially given the fact that most of the consumers of such games are children. Moralists have therefore often propagated for the minimization of violence in the games since they influenced the actions of the young members of the society. Propagators of such reasoning even called for the placement of age restrictions in the games in order to regulate the level of violence of the games accessed by younger members of the society. The liberal portrayal of guns in the games is contrary to the social structure in the real world. The games thus motivate younger members of the society to live an illusionary lifestyle in which they appreciate viol ence and shun peaceful ways of solving conflicts. Such are valid arguments that should influence the formulation and development of video games. Producers of the video game products are business people just as any other. They therefore carry out extensive market researches in order to determine the prevailing favorable trends in the market. Through such market researches, the producers have determined that

Spss8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spss8 - Essay Example 2. Is the type of beverage ordered with lunch at a restaurant independent of the age of the customer? A random sample of 309 lunch customers is taken, resulting in the following results. Determine whether the two variables are independent at 95% level of significance. (4 points) The p value is .000, which is lower than 0.05 suggests a relationship between age and type of beverage. The null hypothesis is thus rejected and the conclusion is that type beverage and age are related. 3. In one survey, successful women meeting managers were asked to state their personal definition of success in terms of several categories from which they could select. Thirty-nine percent responded that happiness was their definition, 12% said that sales/profit was their definition, 18% responded that helping others was their definition, and 31% responded that achievement/challenge was their definition of success. Suppose that you want to determine whether men meeting managers felt the same way and took a random sample of men meeting managers, resulting in the data shown. Use the Chi-square test to determine whether the observed frequency distribution of data for men meeting managers is the same as the distribution for women meeting managers. Let ÃŽ ± = .05. (4 points) The test statistics table shows a very small computed Chi-square value 201.56 and a very small p-value 0.00, which is smaller than 0.05. Therefore, H0 is rejected, and hence there is a difference between the successful women and those who were randomly sampled. 4. Is there a relationship between having a lap-top computer and a person’s profession? A survey of 187 managers of three professions: travel manager, lawyers and accountants, was conducted to investigate this question. Results are presented in the following table. Test whether having a lap-top computer is independent of profession at 95% level of significance. (4 points) The p value is

Woodrow Wilson's speech Final Address in Support of the League of Term Paper

Woodrow Wilson's speech Final Address in Support of the League of Nations - Term Paper Example The paper presents a critical analysis of Woodrow Wilson’s speech as a persuasive discourse necessitates an in-depth understanding of the various aspects of a persuasive speech. Persuasive speeches are governed by both communicative intentions and persuasive intentions and the ultimate goal of such a discourse is to exert favorable responses in the minds of the audience. Any persuasive speech aims at â€Å"influencing values, ideas, beliefs and attitudes of the audience† and as such persuasive speeches try â€Å"to convince people to come a different idea, attitude and belief, react to something, consider doing things they were previously unwilling to do.† All throughout the speech Woodrow Wilson’s attempts to persuade a target audience are clearly evident. He repeatedly addresses the audience as â€Å"fellow countrymen† and â€Å"my fellow citizens.† In the very beginning of the speech itself he tries to make a rapport with the audience by e xplicitly stating that they are not far from him. Towards the second paragraph of his speech Woodrow Wilson introduces the issue of League of Nations by emphasizing that there are ‘organized propaganda against the League of Nations’ and that there are men who â€Å"have been busy creating an absolutely false impression of what the treaty of peace and the Covenant of the League of Nations contain and mean.† He goes on to purport that it is people who are sympathetic towards certain bodies of foreign nations who protest against the treaty. Wilson also takes conscious efforts to adapt the content of the speech to the ideas, attitudes and values of the audience. He was quite aware that many of the senators and the Americans regarded the treaty as a mere settlement with Germany. He purports: â€Å"It is not merely a settlement with Germany; it is a readjustment of those great injustices which underlie the whole structure of European and Asiatic society.†4 He al so argues that the treaty is the people’s treaty and that there are several treaties to follow the same line as that of League of Nations. Historical evidences show that Woodrow Wilson toured the whole nation in order to turn the American public opinion in favor of the League of Nations. He paid great value to the settlements agreed at the Paris Peace Conference and it was a very difficult task for him to convince the U.S. Congress and get their approval for the treaty of League of Nati